Preservative
PROPYLPARABEN
Safety score · 0–100
Caution
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
A long-chain paraben preservative. Effective and historically common, but EU has cut the allowed max and banned it in nappy-area leave-on for young children due to weak estrogen activity.
Function
Skin benefits
- Effective broad-spectrum preservative
- Long use history
- Stable in many formulas
Known concerns
- Potential endocrine disruptor — weak estrogen mimic
- SCCS lowered max to 0.14% per ester
- Banned in EU leave-on for nappy area for under-3s
- Public concern despite safety reviews
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry: regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
PubChem
U.S. NIH compound data, GHS hazard codes and toxicity literature.
Frequently Asked Questions
Answers in plain language
Is propylparaben banned in Europe?
No, but it is restricted. Propylparaben and butylparaben are permitted in EU cosmetics at a maximum combined concentration of 0.14%, with additional restrictions on use in leave-on products for children under three. Five longer-chain parabens (isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben, phenylparaben, benzylparaben, pentylparaben) are banned outright in the EU under Regulation 358/2014.
What are the side effects of propylparaben?
Concerns center on potential endocrine activity, which led the SCCS to tighten the permitted concentration from 0.4% to 0.14% in 2014. At the current limit, the SCCS considers it safe for adults but recommends caution in products for very young children. Rare contact allergy can occur.
Related preservatives
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve, so always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.