Antioxidant
BHT
Safety score · 0–100
Moderate
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
A synthetic antioxidant that stops oils from going rancid. Considered safe by EU and CIR at low cosmetic levels, but flagged by clean-beauty standards over endocrine and environmental concerns.
Skin benefits
- Effective synthetic antioxidant; prevents oil rancidity
- Stabilizes formulations and extends shelf life
- Used at very low percentages (typically <0.1%)
Known concerns
- Suspected endocrine activity in some animal studies
- Persistent in environment and aquatic-toxic
- Banned or restricted in some clean-beauty standards
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry: regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
PubChem
U.S. NIH compound data, GHS hazard codes and toxicity literature.
Frequently Asked Questions
Answers in plain language
Is BHT banned in Europe?
No. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is permitted in EU cosmetics as an antioxidant. It is not listed in Annex II (prohibited substances) and has no specific concentration restriction in Annex III of Regulation (EC) 1223/2009. BHT is also approved as a food additive (E321) at restricted concentrations. Marketing claims of "BHT-free" reflect consumer preference rather than regulatory restriction.
What are the side effects of BHT?
Generally well tolerated in cosmetics. Concerns historically centered on potential endocrine activity and oxidative stress at very high oral doses, none of which are realistic at cosmetic exposure levels. Rare contact allergy has been reported. Some environmental concern attaches to its persistence.
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve, so always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.