Preservative
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and its Methyl- and Ethyl-esters, and their salts
Safety score · 0–100
Fine
Derived from EU CosIng regulatory status, PubChem hazard data and published research. How we score.
Methyl- and ethyl-paraben preservatives plus their salts. Effective broad-spectrum preservation at low percentages — but EU restricts concentration and bans related propyl/butyl forms in children's leave-on products.
Function
Skin benefits
- Broad-spectrum preservation
- Effective at low concentrations
- Established class
Known concerns
- Weak estrogenic activity at high exposure
- EU concentration limits via Annex V
- Contact sensitization in atopic individuals
References
EU CosIng database
European Commission cosmetic ingredient registry: regulatory status, restrictions, authorised functions.
Related preservatives
Same plant / compound family
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This profile is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Regulatory status and scientific understanding evolve, so always read the physical product label and consult a healthcare professional for personal concerns.